The health ministry is tracking them through its Covid-19 vaccination platform. The Kenyan government is tracking at least 90,000 people in the country who have skipped their secon...Welcome to the Pediatric Dose Calculator for Anesthesia and Emergency Medicine. This easy-to-use tool is purposefully crafted to determine intravenous (I.V.) dosages for children in the age range of 0 to 12 years and weights between 3 to 45 kg. Please be aware that AneCalc.com is created to supplement, not supplant, personal expertise or ...Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks Based on the calculations, the safe dosage range for Declan is 70 mg – 105 mg. Compare the prescribed dose to the low- and high-dose range calculations to determine if it is safe. Declan was prescribed 100 mg. It falls within the calculated safe dosage range of 70 – 105 mg, so, yes, this is a safe dose for Declan. Patient’s weight: Acute Asthma Exacerbations: 1 to 2 mg/kg/day po once daily (Max: 60 mg/day) Acute Asthma Exacerbations: 1 to 2 mg/kg/day po BID (Max: 60 mg/day)Mar 24, 2014 · OBJECTIVE. There are limited data available on the use of IV contrast media for CT studies in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to determine the practice patterns of IV contrast media usage for pediatric CT by members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR). MATERIALS AND METHODS. SPR members were surveyed regarding the use of IV contrast media for pediatric CT ... In the fast-paced field of pediatrics, staying ahead of the curve is crucial for healthcare professionals. With new research and discoveries being made constantly, it’s essential t...Indices Commodities Currencies StocksIodinated IV contrast media is commonly used for pediatric CT studies, but there are relatively few published guidelines on the appropriate administration of iodinated IV contrast media for CT in the pediatric population [1, 2].The American College of Radiology (ACR) publishes and updates a web-based document, ACR Manual on Contrast Media, …To investigate the effects of straw residues with reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer on greenhouse gas (GHG) and N losses in paddy fields, we conducted a field experiment …Short-course "burst" therapy: 1 to 2 mg/kg orally in 2 divided doses until peak expiratory flow (PEF) is 70% of predicted or personal best. Dose of 1 mg/kg/day appears to be equally efficacious and may result in fewer behavioral side effects. Maximum dose: 60 mg/day. Duration of therapy: 3 to 10 days.Below, we enumerated all the available pediatric dosage calculations formulas: ️ mg/μg per kilogram per dose. dose (volume) = (dose (mg/μg) × child's weight) / concentration. ️ mg/μg per day. dose (volume) = dose (mg/μg) / …Step 1: Pick the indication* and dosing code Step 2: How to dose Step 3: Pick the dosage form Ears, Nose, Throat Acute otitis media Otitis externa (chronic or malignant) Lymphadenitis ... Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs Online, Hudson, Ohio: UpToDate, Inc.; 2021; July 28, 2021. S H L . Author: Puckett, Lauren Created Date:This is an ongoing collaboration project by a team of anaesthetists, paediatric intensivists, AED physician, pharmacist and IT experts in Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Our mission is to …Calculating weight-based dosing for paediatric patients can be tricky and time-consuming. Use the calculators below to work out your doses – just enter your patient’s age and/or weight parameters, and the calculator expresses the dose in milligrams and millilitres of liquid. Print this page. Open all.Dosage Calculations 30 Questions Practice Exam. July 20, 2020 by Anna Curran. RN, BSN, PHN. #1. Question 1: A patient is prescribed 500 mg of a medication. The medication is available in 250 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer? #2. A patient requires 2 liters of IV fluid over 8 hours.ordered dose is in grams but the drug is available on hand in milligrams). 0.3 g x 1,000 mg/g = 30 0 mg Step 3: Plug in what you know into the formula and simplify. x 5mL = 12 mL Therefore, the nurse would administer 12 mL. Example 4: Furosemide is available as 40 mg in 1 mL. 10 mg is ordered to be administered through an IV.The pediatric dose calculator is a tool for pediatric patients for family physicians, pediatricians, and practicing nurses designed to simplify the dose calculation. Four …For pediatric use, doses generally are based on age ranges, e.g., 2 to 6 years old, 6 to 12 years old, and older than 12 years. For children 2 years of age or younger, the label recommendation generally states, “consult your physician.”. In the past, formula methods of pediatric doses were used, some based on age (Young’s, Cowling’s ...Paediatric dose (mg) = Child weight (kg) x adult dose (mg/kg) For instance, if the child weighs 20 kilograms and the prescription recommends a dose of 5 mg/kg, the total dose would be 20 kg x 5 mg/kg = 100 mg dose (mg). 3. Dose Calculations based on Body Surface Area. Body surface area (BSA) is a less often used factor for calculating ...How many tablets should the nurse administer to patient X if the available stock strength on the ward is 100mcg. Step 1: The strength required: 0.2mg. Stock strength: 100mcg. Step 2: Convert the strength required from mg to mcg so that the units of measurement are the same: 0.2mg x 1000 = 200mcg. Step 3:6 mg/dose b. 36-72 mg/day c. 3 mL 3. a. 58 mg/dose b. 234 mg/day c. 0 mL Pediatric Nursing Medication/Math Calculation Exercise Converting Pounds (lbs) to Kilograms (kg), vice versa and more weight conversions ... Doses greater than 6 mg/kg/day are not recommended. The medication comes: Furosemide 10 mg/ml. …Step 1: Pick the indication* and dosing code Step 2: How to dose Step 3: Pick the dosage form Ears, Nose, Throat Acute otitis media Otitis externa (chronic or malignant) Lymphadenitis ... Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs Online, Hudson, Ohio: UpToDate, Inc.; 2021; July 28, 2021. S H L . Author: Puckett, Lauren Created Date:This summer, you should be planning trips that will get you outside and immersed in nature — and your doctor will thank you. This summer, you should be planning trips that will get...Pediatrics Calculators. UpToDate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on Adult Primary Care and Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hematology, Infectious Diseases ...Studies have shown dexamethasone in single doses (0.3 mg/kg up to 1.7 mg/kg; maximum single dose 36 mg) or multiple doses (0.6 mg/kg once a day for 2 days) is comparable to a 5-day course of prednisone/prednisolone in the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations. Use: For the treatment of acute asthma exacerbation.Medicine Matters Sharing successes, challenges and daily happenings in the Department of Medicine ARTICLE: The Effects of Four Doses of Vitamin D Supplements on Falls in Older Adul...How much fluid would a child of 14 kg need? For 24 hours — Holliday-Segar method. first 10 kg × 100 ml/kg/24h + next 4 kg × 50 ml/kg/24h = 1200 ml/24h. For one hour — 4-2-1 rule. first 10 kg × 4 ml/kg/24h + next 4 kg × 2 ml/kg/24h = 48 ml/24h. The answer: the amount of daily pediatric maintenance fluids is 1200 ml, …Calculating weight-based dosing for paediatric patients can be tricky and time-consuming. Use the calculators below to work out your doses – just enter your patient’s age and/or weight parameters, and the calculator expresses the dose in milligrams and millilitres of liquid. Print this page. Open all.For ages 1 month to 18 years only. General Dosing: 1 month - 18 years 15-30 mg/kg (maximum 625 mg) 3 times daily. Note Oral doses are expressed as the total dose of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (ratio 4:1); 15-30 mg of the total (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) contains 12-24 mg of amoxicillin. Further Information:Studies have shown dexamethasone in single doses (0.3 mg/kg up to 1.7 mg/kg; maximum single dose 36 mg) or multiple doses (0.6 mg/kg once a day for 2 days) is comparable to a 5-day course of prednisone/prednisolone in the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations. Use: For the treatment of acute asthma exacerbation.This video teaches you how to answer pediatric dosage and calculation questions by using the ratio and proportions method. This video will build on more com... Patient’s weight: Mild to moderate infection: 25 to 50 mg/kg/day TID. Mild to moderate infection: 25 to 50 mg/kg/day BID. Severe infection: 80 to 90 mg/kg/day TID. The flu vaccine is more important than ever this year, so if you’re encountering the different versions for the first time, some of them may be confusing. Yes, there is a high-dose...Improved weight comparison and estimation. Customizable home screen allows users to add their most used calculators directly to the home screen for faster access. Updated drug formulary supports the new features of version 5, and includes the latest dosing guidelines. Improved drug searching with filtering by All drugs, …5 Chloramphenicol, 40 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day. 6 Amoxicillin, 45 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day. Calculate the size of a single dose for a child weighing 36 kg: 7 Flucloxacillin, 100 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day. 8 Capreomycin sulphate, 20 mg/kg/day, 3 doses per day. 9 Cephalothin, 60 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day.NIH provides pediatric palliative care resources online and in print in both English and Spanish. Trusted Health Information from the National Institutes of Health Dealing with a s...Usual Adult Dose for Pain. IR tablets: Initial dose: 15 to 30 mg orally every 4 hours as needed to manage pain. IR oral solution: Initial dose: 10 to 20 mg orally every 4 hours as needed to manage pain. Between 3 and 6 mg of oral morphine provides pain relief equivalent to 1 mg of parenteral morphine.Usual Pediatric Dose for Iron Deficiency Anemia. Patients weighing 50 kg or more: Two doses of 750 mg via slow IV push or infusion separated by at least 7 days; An alternative dose of 15 mg/kg to a maximum of 1,000 mg may be administered as a single-dose treatment course. Maximum dose: Total …For questions please call Pediatric Pharmacy (984) 974-6679 Nicole Barnes, PharmD; Jenna Bognaski, PharmD; Cameron Jordan, PharmD, BCPS PEDIATRIC DOSING GUIDELINES - ANALGESICS / SEDATIVES DRUG DOSE INTERVAL (hr) Acetaminophen 10 - 15 mg/kg/dose Q4-6 (Max: < 2 years: 60 mg/kg/day; ≥ …... calculation holds true for both children and adults ... Pediatrics · Oncology- Radiotherapy · General ... AZITHROMYCIN is used at a dose of 20mg/kg/day in a singl...See list of participating sites @NCIPrevention @NCISymptomMgmt @NCICastle The National Cancer Institute NCI Division of Cancer Prevention DCP Home Contact DCP Policies Disclaimer P...Below, we enumerated all the available pediatric dosage calculations formulas: ️ mg/μg per kilogram per dose. dose (volume) = (dose (mg/μg) × child's weight) / concentration. ️ mg/μg per day. dose (volume) = dose (mg/μg) / …Solid line: original dose (50 mg kg −1 day −1 ). Dashed lined: dose adjustment to avoid grey baby syndrome (25 mg kg −1 day −1 for babies up to 1 month). Empirical scaling of the paediatric dose based on body weight has led to overexposure to chloramphenicol. On the other hand, linear scaling based on body weight may lead to ...Spread the lovePediatric dose calculation is an indispensable skill for medical professionals involved in the treatment of children. It ensures the administration of the correct and safe medication dosage, enabling effective treatment while minimizing potential adverse effects. In this article, we will discuss the basics of pediatric …Oct 10, 2021 · The BSA curve for normal-sized children is best fitted to the weight (age) 20 estimate if weight is unavailable. Rules-based on weight The first weight proportional regimen for drug therapy, according to Professor A.J. Clark of Edinburgh, was established in 1861. His first rule was: the fraction of an adult dose equal to the weight (lb) per 150 ... Solid line: original dose (50 mg kg −1 day −1 ). Dashed lined: dose adjustment to avoid grey baby syndrome (25 mg kg −1 day −1 for babies up to 1 month). Empirical scaling of the paediatric dose based on body weight has led to overexposure to chloramphenicol. On the other hand, linear scaling based on body weight may lead to ...Young’s Rule is an equation used to calculate pediatric medication dosage based on the patient’s age and the known recommended adult dose. The definition of Young’s Rule is the age of the patient, divided by the age added to twelve, all multiplied by the recommended adult dose. This formula based Calculator appears below. Nuclear Medicine Radiation Dose Tool - SNMMI. MEMBERSHIP. Calendar of Events. Webinars. 2024 Annual Meeting. 2024 Therapeutics Conference. 2024 Mid-Winter Meeting. Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging Week. Position Statements. SYNAGIS ® dosing calculator. The recommended dose of SYNAGIS is 15 mg/kg of body weight. given monthly by IM injection. The first dose of SYNAGIS should be. administered prior to commencement of the respiratory syncytial. virus (RSV) season and the remaining doses should be administered. monthly throughout the RSV …Weight is the biggest factor why we calculate so much in Pediatrics. Let's learn how to calculate weight-based dosages as well as learn how to check if dosag...Universal Formula (Toney-Butler, 2021) In the universal formula (or “desired over have method”), the desired amount (D) is the dose prescribed and the amount on hand (H) or the amount you “have” is the available dose or concentration. The quantity (Q) is the form and amount in which the drug is supplied (i.e. tablet, capsule, liquid).The adult dosage of medication cannot be provided to infants and children. Hence the pediatrician calculate the pediatric dose for kids. There are several methods to find the pediatric dosage, it is found using the age, weight, and height of the child. The pediatric dosage formula can be calculated only for the kids below 12.5 years.PRECEDEX Injection, 200 mcg/2 mL (100 mcg/mL) PRECEDEX must be diluted with 0.9% sodium chloride injection to achieve required concentration (4 mcg/mL) prior to administration. Preparation of solutions is the same, whether for the loading dose or maintenance infusion. To prepare the infusion, withdraw 2 mL of …Basic principles. When carrying out a drug calculation, there are some basic principles to keep in mind:. Convert all dose units to the same units to avoid confusion; Percentage concentrations are expressed as weight/volume (w/v) = 1 g in 100 ml; volume/volume (v/v) = 1 ml in 100 ml; weight/weight (w/w) = 1 g in 100 g; volume/weight … General guidelines for amoxicillin dosage for children 1 month – 18 years are: 15 - 30mg/kg, to a maximum of 1,000mg; three times daily. In case of strep A dosing – dosing depends on child’s body weight: Under 15 kg – 50 mg/kg, once daily for 10 days; 15- 29.9 kg – 750 mg, once daily for 10 days; 30 kg or over – 1,000 mg, once daily ... For questions please call Pediatric Pharmacy (984) 974-6679 Nicole Barnes, PharmD; Jenna Bognaski, PharmD; Cameron Jordan, PharmD, BCPS PEDIATRIC DOSING GUIDELINES - ANALGESICS / SEDATIVES DRUG DOSE INTERVAL (hr) Acetaminophen 10 - 15 mg/kg/dose Q4-6 (Max: < 2 years: 60 mg/kg/day; ≥ …Pediatric Safe Dosage Drug Calculations. This quiz will test you on how to calculate safe dosage ranges for the pediatric patient. 1. Doctor orders Amoxil for a child that weighs …This vancomycin calculator uses pharmacokinetic population estimates, Bayesian modeling, and the Sawchuk-Zaske method to calculate a vancomycin dosing regimen for an adult patient. Vancomycin regimens can be calculated both empirically (without any prior doses) or using one or two vancomycin levels. This …Below, we enumerated all the available pediatric dosage calculations formulas: ️ mg/μg per kilogram per dose. dose (volume) = (dose (mg/μg) × child's weight) / concentration. ️ mg/μg per day. dose (volume) = dose (mg/μg) / …The pediatric population often utilizes Young's Rule (pediatric dose based on age) or Clark's Rule (pediatrics dose based on weight) to determine the dose administered. It is also important to note that some drugs may be dispensed in their own respective units; for instance, the drug digitalis is dosed as follows:Methylprednisolone Dose Pack (Oral) received an overall rating of 7 out of 10 stars from 18 reviews. See what others have said about Methylprednisolone Dose Pack (Oral), including ...Paediatric dose (mg) = Child weight (kg) x adult dose (mg/kg) For instance, if the child weighs 20 kilograms and the prescription recommends a dose of 5 mg/kg, the total dose would be 20 kg x 5 mg/kg = 100 mg dose (mg). 3. Dose Calculations based on Body Surface Area. Body surface area (BSA) is a less often used factor for calculating ...For pediatric ear infections, the dose of cefdinir is. 7 mg/kg every 12 hours; or. 14 mg/kg every 24 hours. Let's count the doses. 7 × 22 = 154 mg (two doses a day) 14 × 22 = 308 mg (one dose a day) Now, the amount of solution. To find out how much of a drug there is in one milliliter of a solution, we divide 125 …Mar 6, 2024 · How much fluid would a child of 14 kg need? For 24 hours — Holliday-Segar method. first 10 kg × 100 ml/kg/24h + next 4 kg × 50 ml/kg/24h = 1200 ml/24h. For one hour — 4-2-1 rule. first 10 kg × 4 ml/kg/24h + next 4 kg × 2 ml/kg/24h = 48 ml/24h. The answer: the amount of daily pediatric maintenance fluids is 1200 ml, and the hourly demand ... This video teaches you how to answer pediatric dosage and calculation questions by using the ratio and proportions method. This video will build on more com...Serological tests Click on image to zoom … Read More · Child Health Nursing (Question set 1) Multiple Choice Questions function testButton1 (fo… Read More ... Dosage calculation practice for nursing students using the desired over have formula! Below is a quiz to test your knowledge on how to solve drug calculations of tablets, capsules, and mL. You will be required to convert from grams (g) to milligrams (mg), milligrams (mg) to micrograms (mcg), and so forth. Mar 24, 2014 · OBJECTIVE. There are limited data available on the use of IV contrast media for CT studies in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to determine the practice patterns of IV contrast media usage for pediatric CT by members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology (SPR). MATERIALS AND METHODS. SPR members were surveyed regarding the use of IV contrast media for pediatric CT ... 8 mg/kg/day once daily 8 mg/kg/day BID. Search for: Rx Dose Calc, Proudly powered by WordPress.Immunocompromised people need a third dose of the vaccine. Everyone else may or may not need a booster. Booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccines might be available this fall, dependi...Frequency (1 times per day) Adjust the slider to set the frequency (times per day). Course: 7 days. Select the desired frequency (times per day). Dosage Amount: 60 mg/kg/day. Select the desired to set the dosage amount. Calculate Dose. By using the "Calcuate Dose" button on pedscalc.com, you acknowledge and agree that …Input: Choose the appropriate Pediatric Mode. Enter the Dosage and infant weight. Fill in the drug concentration section. Select the frequency of the dose. Tap Calculate. Output: … Pediatric Dosage Calculator | Carithers Pediatric Group. Riverside (904) 387-6200 Southside (904) 997-0023. Usual Pediatric Dose for Sinusitis. Acute maxillary sinusitis: 6 months through 12 years: 7 mg/kg orally every 12 hours or 14 mg/kg orally every 24 hours for 10 days. Maximum dose: 600 mg/day. 13 years or older: 300 mg orally every 12 hours or 600 mg orally every 24 hours for 10 days.... calculation holds true for both children and adults ... Pediatrics · Oncology- Radiotherapy · General ... AZITHROMYCIN is used at a dose of 20mg/kg/day in a singl...Divide total daily dose by number of doses per day to calculate amount of a single dose. Example (continued from above): 900 mg of drug per day divided by 3 doses per day 300 mg per dose. Calculating a Single Pediatric Dose Ordered by Body Surface Area 1. 2. Multiply recommended dosage (in milligrams or micrograms …(Brand Name: Bentyl; Bentylol) Infants (6 Months – 2 Years) Children (2 – 12 Years) AdultsTo investigate the effects of straw residues with reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer on greenhouse gas (GHG) and N losses in paddy fields, we conducted a field experiment …5 Chloramphenicol, 40 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day. 6 Amoxicillin, 45 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day. Calculate the size of a single dose for a child weighing 36 kg: 7 Flucloxacillin, 100 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day. 8 Capreomycin sulphate, 20 mg/kg/day, 3 doses per day. 9 Cephalothin, 60 mg/kg/day, 4 doses per day.According to MedlinePlus, if you miss a dose of Zoloft, it should be taken as soon as you remember it. However, if it is close to the time of the next scheduled dose, the missed do...Indices Commodities Currencies StocksA Calculator For Facilitating Pediatric Anesthesia Calculate a range of dosages for common anesthestic agents, vital signs, tube sizes, ... However, the information is advisory only, and the clinician is solely responsible for the drug dose, administration, and actions. Drugs must be titrated and/or dosage adjusted to each individual patient.Dose in millilitres. Dose in milligrams. For ages 1 month to 18 years only. This calculator uses 12.5mg/kg/dose. General Dosing: 1 month - 18 years 12.5–25 mg/kg (usual maximum 500 mg; up to 1 g may be used), TWICE daily for superficial skin infections and FOUR times daily for infections due to sensitive Gram-positive and …Jun 20, 2023 · Pediatric populations are especially vulnerable to medication errors due to the need to calculate dosages incorporating many factors; height, weight, body surface area, and growth and development level. The higher the complexity of the math, the increased the risk potential for dose calculation errors. Pediatric Dosage Calculator | Carithers Pediatric Group. Riverside (904) 387-6200 Southside (904) 997-0023.
The AHA recommends: IV: Initial dose: 1 mg/kg IV or intraosseous once. Maintenance infusion: 20 to 50 mcg/kg/min IV. Endotracheal: May be administered endotracheally (bolus dose only) if IV or intraosseous access unavailable at a dose of 2 to 3 times the dose (2 to 3 mg/kg) followed by a flush …. Fluffy paradise novel
The lack of paediatric clinical trials and dosing information has been highlighted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European …1 L = 1000 mL…. so that means 0.5 L = 500 mL. Lastly, we need to figure out the amount of volume that needs to be delivered per minute in order for the full dose to be delivered in 1 hour. We do this by simply dividing the volume by the number of minutes in an hour (60). 500 mL / 60 min = 8.33 mL per minute.If a patient cannot tolerate a daily dose of 60 mg/kg, the daily dose may be reduced. In the clinical trial, the mean daily dose was 44 mg/kg. The maximum daily dose was 3000 mg/day. For KEPPRA tablet dosing in pediatric patients weighing 20 to 40 kg, initiate treatment with a daily dose of 500 mg given …See list of participating sites @NCIPrevention @NCISymptomMgmt @NCICastle The National Cancer Institute NCI Division of Cancer Prevention DCP Home Contact DCP Policies Disclaimer P...In today’s fast-paced world, staying informed about local news is more important than ever. With the rise of digital media, online news platforms have become a popular choice for m...1 month - 18 years 15 mg/kg per dose (maximum 1 g) every four hours as needed for pain or fever. Do not take more than 4 doses in 24 hours AND 4 grams in 24 hours. Calculator written by Dr Jeremy Steinberg, GP. Contact for suggestions. If you are giving paracetamol to your child, and are unsure of how much to give, always …(Brand Name: Pepcid) Patient’s weight: kilogramspounds 0.5 mg/kg/dose PO BIDA child who weighs 12kg is 5% dehydrated. Calculate their total fluid requirement over 24 hours: Fluid deficit = 5% dehydration x 12 x 10 = 600 mL. Maintenance = 1000mL (100 mL/kg for first 10 kg) + 100mL (50 mL/kg for last 2kg) = 1100 mL. Total fluid requirement = 1100 mL + 600 mL = 1700 mL/24 hours » 71 …The lack of paediatric clinical trials and dosing information has been highlighted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European …Welcome to the Pediatric Dose Calculator for Anesthesia and Emergency Medicine. This easy-to-use tool is purposefully crafted to determine intravenous (I.V.) dosages for children in the age range of 0 to 12 years and weights between 3 to 45 kg. Please be aware that AneCalc.com is created to supplement, not supplant, personal expertise or ... Safe dose = 1-2 mg/kg/day given once daily or divided q12 hours. 1 mg x 35 kg = 35 mg/day. 2 mg x 35 kg = 70 mg/day. Safe range = 35 mg/day – 70 mg/day. The pharmacy provides Prednisoline oral suspension 25mg/5 ml. How many ml’s would you give if Jakob was prescribed 70 mg. 25 mg/5 ml = 70 mg/X ml. 25 X = 70 x 5 = 350. .